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  1. Frameworks
  2. >ATTACK
  3. >Defense Evasion
  4. >ATTACK-T1027.006
ATTACK-T1027.006Active

HTML Smuggling

Statement

Adversaries may smuggle data and files past content filters by hiding malicious payloads inside of seemingly benign HTML files. HTML documents can store large binary objects known as JavaScript Blobs (immutable data that represents raw bytes) that can later be constructed into file-like objects. Data may also be stored in Data URLs, which enable embedding media type or MIME files inline of HTML documents. HTML5 also introduced a download attribute that may be used to initiate file downloads.(Citation: HTML Smuggling Menlo Security 2020)(Citation: Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018)

Adversaries may deliver payloads to victims that bypass security controls through HTML Smuggling by abusing JavaScript Blobs and/or HTML5 download attributes. Security controls such as web content filters may not identify smuggled malicious files inside of HTML/JS files, as the content may be based on typically benign MIME types such as <code>text/plain</code> and/or <code>text/html</code>. Malicious files or data can be obfuscated and hidden inside of HTML files through Data URLs and/or JavaScript Blobs and can be deobfuscated when they reach the victim (i.e. Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information), potentially bypassing content filters.

For example, JavaScript Blobs can be abused to dynamically generate malicious files in the victim machine and may be dropped to disk by abusing JavaScript functions such as <code>msSaveBlob</code>.(Citation: HTML Smuggling Menlo Security 2020)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021)(Citation: Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018)(Citation: nccgroup Smuggling HTA 2017)

Location

Tactic
Defense Evasion

Technique Details

Identifier
ATTACK-T1027.006
Parent Technique
ATTACK-T1027
ATT&CK Page
View on MITRE

Tactics

Defense Evasion

Platforms

WindowsLinuxmacOS

Detection

Detection Strategy for HTML Smuggling via JavaScript Blob + Dynamic File Drop

Mitigations

Application Isolation and Sandboxing: Application Isolation and Sandboxing refers to the technique of restricting the execution of code to a controlled and isolated environment (e.g., a virtual environment, container, or sandbox). This method prevents potentially malicious code from affecting the rest of the system or network by limiting access to sensitive resources and critical operations. The goal is to contain threats and minimize their impact. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures:

Browser Sandboxing:

  • Use Case: Implement browser sandboxing to isolate untrusted web content and prevent malicious web pages or scripts from accessing sensitive system resources or initiating unauthorized downloads.
  • Implementation: Use browsers with built-in sandboxing features (e.g., Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge) or deploy enhanced browser security frameworks that limit the execution scope of active content. Consider controls that monitor or restrict script-based file generation and downloads commonly abused in evasion techniques like HTML smuggling.

Application Virtualization:

  • Use Case: Deploy critical or high-risk applications in a virtualized environment to ensure any compromise does not affect the host system.
  • Implementation: Use application virtualization platforms to run applications in isolated environments.

Email Attachment Sandboxing:

  • Use Case: Route email attachments to a sandbox environment to detect and block malware before delivering emails to end-users.
  • Implementation: Integrate security solutions with sandbox capabilities to analyze email attachments.

Endpoint Sandboxing:

  • Use Case: Run all downloaded files and applications in a restricted environment to monitor their behavior for malicious activity.
  • Implementation: Use endpoint protection tools for sandboxing at the endpoint level.

No cross-framework mappings available

← Back to Defense Evasion
Defense Evasion183 controls
ATTACK-T1006Direct Volume AccessATTACK-T1014RootkitATTACK-T1027Obfuscated Files or InformationATTACK-T1027.001Binary PaddingATTACK-T1027.002Software PackingATTACK-T1027.003SteganographyATTACK-T1027.004Compile After DeliveryATTACK-T1027.005Indicator Removal from ToolsATTACK-T1027.006HTML SmugglingATTACK-T1027.007Dynamic API ResolutionATTACK-T1027.008Stripped PayloadsATTACK-T1027.009Embedded PayloadsATTACK-T1027.010Command ObfuscationATTACK-T1027.011Fileless StorageATTACK-T1027.012LNK Icon SmugglingATTACK-T1027.013Encrypted/Encoded FileATTACK-T1027.014Polymorphic CodeATTACK-T1027.015CompressionATTACK-T1027.016Junk Code InsertionATTACK-T1027.017SVG SmugglingATTACK-T1036MasqueradingATTACK-T1036.001Invalid Code SignatureATTACK-T1036.002Right-to-Left OverrideATTACK-T1036.003Rename Legitimate UtilitiesATTACK-T1036.004Masquerade Task or ServiceATTACK-T1036.005Match Legitimate Resource Name or LocationATTACK-T1036.006Space after FilenameATTACK-T1036.007Double File ExtensionATTACK-T1036.008Masquerade File TypeATTACK-T1036.009Break Process TreesATTACK-T1036.010Masquerade Account NameATTACK-T1036.011Overwrite Process ArgumentsATTACK-T1036.012Browser FingerprintATTACK-T1055Process InjectionATTACK-T1055.001Dynamic-link Library InjectionATTACK-T1055.002Portable Executable InjectionATTACK-T1055.003Thread Execution HijackingATTACK-T1055.004Asynchronous Procedure CallATTACK-T1055.005Thread Local StorageATTACK-T1055.008Ptrace System CallsATTACK-T1055.009Proc MemoryATTACK-T1055.011Extra Window Memory InjectionATTACK-T1055.012Process HollowingATTACK-T1055.013Process DoppelgängingATTACK-T1055.014VDSO HijackingATTACK-T1055.015ListPlantingATTACK-T1070Indicator RemovalATTACK-T1070.001Clear Windows Event LogsATTACK-T1070.002Clear Linux or Mac System LogsATTACK-T1070.003Clear Command HistoryATTACK-T1070.004File DeletionATTACK-T1070.005Network Share Connection RemovalATTACK-T1070.006TimestompATTACK-T1070.007Clear Network Connection History and ConfigurationsATTACK-T1070.008Clear Mailbox DataATTACK-T1070.009Clear PersistenceATTACK-T1070.010Relocate MalwareATTACK-T1078Valid AccountsATTACK-T1078.001Default AccountsATTACK-T1078.002Domain AccountsATTACK-T1078.003Local AccountsATTACK-T1078.004Cloud AccountsATTACK-T1112Modify RegistryATTACK-T1127Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy ExecutionATTACK-T1127.001MSBuildATTACK-T1127.002ClickOnceATTACK-T1127.003JamPlusATTACK-T1134Access Token ManipulationATTACK-T1134.001Token Impersonation/TheftATTACK-T1134.002Create Process with TokenATTACK-T1134.003Make and Impersonate TokenATTACK-T1134.004Parent PID SpoofingATTACK-T1134.005SID-History InjectionATTACK-T1140Deobfuscate/Decode Files or InformationATTACK-T1197BITS JobsATTACK-T1202Indirect Command ExecutionATTACK-T1205Traffic SignalingATTACK-T1205.001Port KnockingATTACK-T1205.002Socket FiltersATTACK-T1207Rogue Domain ControllerATTACK-T1211Exploitation for Defense EvasionATTACK-T1216System Script Proxy ExecutionATTACK-T1216.001PubPrnATTACK-T1216.002SyncAppvPublishingServerATTACK-T1218System Binary Proxy ExecutionATTACK-T1218.001Compiled HTML FileATTACK-T1218.002Control PanelATTACK-T1218.003CMSTPATTACK-T1218.004InstallUtilATTACK-T1218.005MshtaATTACK-T1218.007MsiexecATTACK-T1218.008OdbcconfATTACK-T1218.009Regsvcs/RegasmATTACK-T1218.010Regsvr32ATTACK-T1218.011Rundll32ATTACK-T1218.012VerclsidATTACK-T1218.013MavinjectATTACK-T1218.014MMCATTACK-T1218.015Electron ApplicationsATTACK-T1220XSL Script ProcessingATTACK-T1221Template InjectionATTACK-T1222File and Directory Permissions ModificationATTACK-T1222.001Windows File and Directory Permissions ModificationATTACK-T1222.002Linux and Mac File and Directory Permissions ModificationATTACK-T1480Execution GuardrailsATTACK-T1480.001Environmental KeyingATTACK-T1480.002Mutual ExclusionATTACK-T1484Domain or Tenant Policy ModificationATTACK-T1484.001Group Policy ModificationATTACK-T1484.002Trust ModificationATTACK-T1497Virtualization/Sandbox EvasionATTACK-T1497.001System ChecksATTACK-T1497.002User Activity Based ChecksATTACK-T1497.003Time Based ChecksATTACK-T1535Unused/Unsupported Cloud RegionsATTACK-T1542Pre-OS BootATTACK-T1542.004ROMMONkitATTACK-T1542.005TFTP BootATTACK-T1548.006TCC ManipulationATTACK-T1550Use Alternate Authentication MaterialATTACK-T1550.001Application Access TokenATTACK-T1550.002Pass the HashATTACK-T1550.003Pass the TicketATTACK-T1550.004Web Session CookieATTACK-T1553Subvert Trust ControlsATTACK-T1553.001Gatekeeper BypassATTACK-T1553.002Code SigningATTACK-T1553.003SIP and Trust Provider HijackingATTACK-T1553.004Install Root CertificateATTACK-T1553.005Mark-of-the-Web BypassATTACK-T1553.006Code Signing Policy ModificationATTACK-T1562Impair DefensesATTACK-T1562.001Disable or Modify ToolsATTACK-T1562.002Disable Windows Event LoggingATTACK-T1562.003Impair Command History LoggingATTACK-T1562.004Disable or Modify System FirewallATTACK-T1562.006Indicator BlockingATTACK-T1562.007Disable or Modify Cloud FirewallATTACK-T1562.008Disable or Modify Cloud LogsATTACK-T1562.009Safe Mode BootATTACK-T1562.010Downgrade AttackATTACK-T1562.011Spoof Security AlertingATTACK-T1562.012Disable or Modify Linux Audit SystemATTACK-T1562.013Disable or Modify Network Device FirewallATTACK-T1564Hide ArtifactsATTACK-T1564.001Hidden Files and DirectoriesATTACK-T1564.002Hidden UsersATTACK-T1564.003Hidden WindowATTACK-T1564.004NTFS File AttributesATTACK-T1564.005Hidden File SystemATTACK-T1564.006Run Virtual InstanceATTACK-T1564.007VBA StompingATTACK-T1564.008Email Hiding RulesATTACK-T1564.009Resource ForkingATTACK-T1564.010Process Argument SpoofingATTACK-T1564.011Ignore Process InterruptsATTACK-T1564.012File/Path ExclusionsATTACK-T1564.013Bind MountsATTACK-T1564.014Extended AttributesATTACK-T1578Modify Cloud Compute InfrastructureATTACK-T1578.001Create SnapshotATTACK-T1578.002Create Cloud InstanceATTACK-T1578.003Delete Cloud InstanceATTACK-T1578.004Revert Cloud InstanceATTACK-T1578.005Modify Cloud Compute ConfigurationsATTACK-T1599Network Boundary BridgingATTACK-T1599.001Network Address Translation TraversalATTACK-T1600Weaken EncryptionATTACK-T1600.001Reduce Key SpaceATTACK-T1600.002Disable Crypto HardwareATTACK-T1601Modify System ImageATTACK-T1601.001Patch System ImageATTACK-T1601.002Downgrade System ImageATTACK-T1610Deploy ContainerATTACK-T1612Build Image on HostATTACK-T1620Reflective Code LoadingATTACK-T1622Debugger EvasionATTACK-T1647Plist File ModificationATTACK-T1656ImpersonationATTACK-T1666Modify Cloud Resource HierarchyATTACK-T1672Email SpoofingATTACK-T1678Delay ExecutionATTACK-T1679Selective Exclusion