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  1. Frameworks
  2. >ATTACK
  3. >Command And Control
  4. >ATTACK-T1102.003
ATTACK-T1102.003Active

One-Way Communication

Statement

Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to a compromised system without receiving return output over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems may opt to send the output from those commands back over a different C2 channel, including to another distinct Web service. Alternatively, compromised systems may return no output at all in cases where adversaries want to send instructions to systems and do not want a response.

Popular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.

Location

Tactic
Command and Control

Technique Details

Identifier
ATTACK-T1102.003
Parent Technique
ATTACK-T1102
ATT&CK Page
View on MITRE

Tactics

Command And Control

Platforms

LinuxmacOSWindowsESXi

Detection

Detect One-Way Web Service Command Channels

Mitigations

Restrict Web-Based Content: Restricting web-based content involves enforcing policies and technologies that limit access to potentially malicious websites, unsafe downloads, and unauthorized browser behaviors. This can include URL filtering, download restrictions, script blocking, and extension control to protect against exploitation, phishing, and malware delivery. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures:

Deploy Web Proxy Filtering:

  • Use solutions to filter web traffic based on categories, reputation, and content types.
  • Enforce policies that block unsafe websites or file types at the gateway level.

Enable DNS-Based Filtering:

  • Implement tools to restrict access to domains associated with malware or phishing campaigns.
  • Use public DNS filtering services to enhance protection.

Enforce Content Security Policies (CSP):

  • Configure CSP headers on internal and external web applications to restrict script execution, iframe embedding, and cross-origin requests.

Control Browser Features:

  • Disable unapproved browser features like automatic downloads, developer tools, or unsafe scripting.
  • Enforce policies through tools like Group Policy Management to control browser settings.

Monitor and Alert on Web-Based Threats:

  • Use SIEM tools to collect and analyze web proxy logs for signs of anomalous or malicious activity.
  • Configure alerts for access attempts to blocked domains or repeated file download failures.

Network Intrusion Prevention: Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries.

SP 800-53
SP800-53-AC-4relatedvia ctid-attack-to-sp800-53
SP800-53-CA-7relatedvia ctid-attack-to-sp800-53
SP800-53-CM-2relatedvia ctid-attack-to-sp800-53
SP800-53-CM-6relatedvia ctid-attack-to-sp800-53
SP800-53-CM-7relatedvia ctid-attack-to-sp800-53
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Command and Control41 controls
ATTACK-T1001Data ObfuscationATTACK-T1001.001Junk DataATTACK-T1001.002SteganographyATTACK-T1001.003Protocol or Service ImpersonationATTACK-T1008Fallback ChannelsATTACK-T1071Application Layer ProtocolATTACK-T1071.001Web ProtocolsATTACK-T1071.002File Transfer ProtocolsATTACK-T1071.003Mail ProtocolsATTACK-T1071.004DNSATTACK-T1071.005Publish/Subscribe ProtocolsATTACK-T1090ProxyATTACK-T1090.001Internal ProxyATTACK-T1090.002External ProxyATTACK-T1090.003Multi-hop ProxyATTACK-T1090.004Domain FrontingATTACK-T1092Communication Through Removable MediaATTACK-T1095Non-Application Layer ProtocolATTACK-T1102Web ServiceATTACK-T1102.001Dead Drop ResolverATTACK-T1102.002Bidirectional CommunicationATTACK-T1102.003One-Way CommunicationATTACK-T1104Multi-Stage ChannelsATTACK-T1105Ingress Tool TransferATTACK-T1132Data EncodingATTACK-T1132.001Standard EncodingATTACK-T1132.002Non-Standard EncodingATTACK-T1219Remote Access ToolsATTACK-T1219.001IDE TunnelingATTACK-T1219.002Remote Desktop SoftwareATTACK-T1219.003Remote Access HardwareATTACK-T1568Dynamic ResolutionATTACK-T1568.001Fast Flux DNSATTACK-T1568.002Domain Generation AlgorithmsATTACK-T1568.003DNS CalculationATTACK-T1571Non-Standard PortATTACK-T1572Protocol TunnelingATTACK-T1573Encrypted ChannelATTACK-T1573.001Symmetric CryptographyATTACK-T1573.002Asymmetric CryptographyATTACK-T1665Hide Infrastructure